Understanding and managing melasma
Melasma is a common skin condition that causes dark, discolored patches, typically appearing on the face. Often referred to as “the mask of pregnancy,” melasma primarily affects women and individuals with medium to darker skin tones. At Utah Valley Dermatology, we specialize in diagnosing and treating melasma to help patients achieve healthier, more even-toned skin.
What Is Melasma?
Melasma is a type of hyperpigmentation characterized by symmetrical patches of brown, gray-brown, or bluish discoloration. It most commonly affects areas exposed to the sun, such as the forehead, cheeks, nose, upper lip, and jawline. While it is not harmful or painful, melasma can significantly impact self-esteem and quality of life.
What Causes Melasma, and Who Is at Risk?
Melasma develops due to an overproduction of melanin, often triggered by:
- Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, birth control pills, or hormone replacement therapy.
- Sun exposure: UV rays stimulate melanocytes (pigment-producing cells), leading to hyperpigmentation.
- Genetics: A family history of melasma increases susceptibility.
- Other factors: Stress, certain medications, and skin irritation from cosmetics may also contribute.
Women between the ages of 20 and 40 are most at risk, especially those with medium to darker skin tones or those of Hispanic, Asian, or Mediterranean heritage.
What Are the Symptoms and Types of Melasma?
Melasma manifests as dark patches on the skin that vary in size and shape. The condition typically appears in three patterns:
- Centrofacial: Affects the forehead, cheeks, nose, and upper lip (most common).
- Malar: Limited to the cheeks and nose.
- Mandibular: Found along the jawline.
The pigmentation may be superficial (epidermal), deeper (dermal), or mixed. Epidermal melasma responds better to treatment than dermal types.
How Is Melasma Diagnosed?
A dermatologist can diagnose melasma through:
- Visual examination: Identifying characteristic dark patches.
- Wood’s lamp examination: Using ultraviolet light to determine pigmentation depth.
- Skin biopsy: Rarely needed but may rule out other conditions.
Advanced diagnostic tools like VISIA imaging systems can further enhance accuracy by analyzing clinical images.
What Are the Best Treatment Options for Melasma?
While melasma cannot always be cured, it can be effectively managed with a combination of treatments:
Topical Treatments
- Hydroquinone: A first-line treatment that lightens dark patches.
- Retinoids and corticosteroids: Often combined with hydroquinone for enhanced results.
- Azelaic acid or kojic acid: Alternatives for patients sensitive to hydroquinone.
Oral Medication
- Tranexamic acid: low dose tranexamic acid pills have been shown to improve melasma.
Procedures
- Chemical peels: Exfoliate the skin to reduce pigmentation.
- Laser therapy: Targets deeper pigmentation but requires careful application to avoid worsening symptoms.
- Microneedling: Enhances absorption of topical treatments while promoting collagen production.
Sun Protection
Daily broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 50+ is essential to prevent melasma from worsening. Physical sunscreens containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide are particularly effective as they block UV rays without generating heat that can trigger melasma.
How Can You Prevent Melasma?
Preventive measures include:
- Wearing sunscreen daily and reapplying every two hours when outdoors.
- Avoiding peak sun hours (10 AM – 4 PM).
- Using protective clothing like wide-brimmed hats and sunglasses.
- Managing hormonal triggers under medical supervision.
Why Choose Utah Valley Dermatology for Melasma Treatment?
At Utah Valley Dermatology, we understand how challenging managing melasma can be. Our team offers personalized treatment plans tailored to each patient’s unique needs. From advanced diagnostic tools to cutting-edge therapies like chemical peels and laser treatments, we are committed to helping you achieve clearer skin.
Utah Valley Deramatology offers several treatment options to help reduce the appearance of Melasma:
